June 17, 2025 5:36 pm
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South Asia’s Geopolitical Chessboard: Power Struggles, Alliances, and Strategic Balancing

Zahidul Islam

South Asia is currently undergoing a complex geopolitical situation, where India, Pakistan, China, and Bangladesh are relentlessly engaged in securing their strategic positions and influence. This region is becoming increasingly important, not only due to its geographical significance but also because of its economic potential and the strategic games played by external superpowers.

India-China Border Dispute and Regional Influence Expansion

The long-standing border dispute between India and China has come to the forefront once again following the Galwan Valley clash. India has been opposing China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), as it could potentially alter the regional balance of power. On the other hand, China is leveraging its economic power to challenge India’s dominance in South Asia.
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), China’s strategic project, has brought new possibilities to Pakistan’s economy, but it remains a concern for India.India’s show of strength in the China-India conflict is evident through its active participation in military and economic partnerships such as the Quad (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue).

Pakistan’s Geopolitical Position: Between China and the United States:
Although Pakistan is a crucial ally of China, its relationship with the United States is complicated.Pakistan is strengthening its relationship with China through new infrastructure and military agreements.While the U.S. demands Pakistan’s cooperation in counterterrorism, its regional dependence on China has posed a new challenge for Washington.

Bangladesh’s Strategy of Balancing Interests:
Bangladesh plays a balancing role in South Asian geopolitics.
Through Chinese investments, Bangladesh is rapidly advancing in development projects. However, India also seeks to maintain a strategic relationship with Bangladesh.
Recently, the Rohingya crisis and border issues with India have added a new dimension to Bangladesh’s diplomacy.
The United States seeks to enhance strategic ties with Bangladesh, especially to counter China’s influence.

China’s Geopolitical Strategy: BRI and the Revival of the Silk Road:
China is strengthening its economic relationships with regional countries through its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in South Asia.
In addition to the CPEC project in Pakistan, China is investing in port development and infrastructure projects in Bangladesh.
These projects are a source of concern for India as they increase China’s regional influence.

The Role of Superpowers in South Asia:
Global superpowers consider South Asia a strategically important region.

  1. United States: Through its Indo-Pacific Strategy, the U.S. is increasing its presence in South Asia.
    To counter China’s influence, the U.S. is strengthening defense and economic ties with India.
  2. Russia: Russia, traditionally an ally of India, now has a close relationship with China, which has become a challenge for India.
  3. Europe: The European Union is interested in increasing its investments in South Asia. However, their role is comparatively smaller than that of China or the U.S.

Future Outlook: Benefits and Challenges:
This geopolitical competition in South Asia is creating new possibilities for economic development and cooperation, but it is also increasing the risk of tension and conflict.
Benefits: Infrastructure development, new investments, and international cooperation.Challenges: Border conflicts, terrorism, and pressure from superpower influences.

The future of South Asia will depend on the strategic acumen of its countries and their ability to counter external influences. Cooperation among nations and the adoption of multilateral strategies can bring stability and prosperity to the region.

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