May 30, 2025 1:02 pm
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Nepal’s Social Media Regulation Bill Sparks Concerns Over Free Speech

In a controversial move, the government of Nepal, led by K. P. Sharma Oli, has introduced a bill aimed at regulating social media, stirring significant concern among free speech advocates. The proposed legislation, titled “Bill Related to Operation, Use, and Regulation of Social Media in Nepal,” was registered in the Upper House of the Federal Parliament by Communications and Information Technology Minister Prithvi Subba Gurung on January 28.

Background and Intentions of the Bill

This legislative initiative claims to foster a disciplined, safe, and systematic environment for social media usage in Nepal. Minister Gurung articulated that the bill’s objectives include promoting social harmony and cultural tolerance by holding social media operators and users accountable. However, the bill’s broad and vaguely defined provisions have ignited fears that it could severely curtail freedoms of expression and press within the nation.

Experts Weigh In on the Implications

Legal experts and free speech advocates are alarmed, suggesting that the bill’s ambiguous language could grant the government excessive power to suppress dissent and control public discourse. The lack of clear definitions within the bill makes it susceptible to arbitrary enforcement, potentially being used as a tool to silence opposition and regulate content under the guise of maintaining social order.

Historical Context of Social Media Regulation in Nepal

This is not the first attempt by the Nepalese government to control social media platforms. In November 2023, the then-Prachanda government had imposed a ban on TikTok, citing its role in spreading indecency within society. These past actions further exacerbate current concerns that the Oli government’s proposed regulations might follow a similar trajectory, extending state control over digital spaces.

Potential Risks to Free Speech

Critics of the bill argue that it poses a serious risk to free speech—a fundamental human right. They warn that enforcing such regulations could stifle public debate, hinder journalistic freedom, and suppress civic engagement in Nepal. The international community, including human rights organizations, has also expressed apprehension about the bill’s potential impact on Nepal’s commitment to uphold democratic values and human rights.

Government’s Assurance and Public Response

Despite the backlash, government officials have defended the bill, asserting that the regulations are necessary to combat misinformation, hate speech, and anti-social activities that have proliferated on social media platforms. They claim that the measures are intended not to curb legitimate speech but to create a responsible online ecosystem.

However, this assurance has done little to quell the public’s fears, as activists, journalists, and the general populace call for a more transparent and inclusive discussion about the bill. They demand that any regulation of social media must be balanced, clearly defined, and aligned with international human rights standards to truly benefit and protect society.

Looking Forward

As the bill progresses through the legislative process, the debate surrounding it is expected to intensify. The outcome will likely have profound implications for the landscape of digital rights and freedom of expression in Nepal. Observers both within and outside the country remain vigilant, hoping for amendments that will safeguard against potential abuses of power while fostering a free and open digital space.

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