Can the International Criminal Court (ICC) Survive US Sanctions Over Arrest Warrants for Israeli Leaders?

The International Criminal Court (ICC), the world’s only permanent tribunal for prosecuting war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity, is grappling with an existential crisis. With its recent arrest warrants for Israeli leaders over alleged war crimes, the court finds itself facing not only global political backlash but also the looming threat of sanctions from the United States.
The potential sanctions, spearheaded by a US administration hostile to the ICC’s recent moves, threaten to cripple the court’s operations. Observers fear that these measures could extend beyond individual staff members to target the institution itself, raising questions about its ability to function effectively. The ICC relies heavily on global financial systems and travel freedom, which could be severely restricted under sanctions. If banks refuse to cooperate or software companies block access to tools like Microsoft Word, the practical operations of the court could come to a halt.
The arrest warrants for prominent Israeli leaders have further escalated tensions. By taking action against figures such as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defence Minister Yoav Gallant, the ICC has directly challenged a close US ally, a move that has infuriated American policymakers. This comes amidst growing allegations that some global leaders are using ICC investigations to advance political agendas.
Historical Context:
This isn’t the first time the ICC has faced opposition from Washington. During the Trump administration, targeted sanctions were imposed against senior ICC officials, including former Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda. However, the scope of the current crisis far exceeds previous challenges, as the ICC now directly confronts the strategic interests of the United States.
A Crossroads for Justice:
The survival of the ICC will largely depend on the resolve of its member states. They must proactively shield the court from coercive measures and ensure its independence. Diplomatic efforts to remind the US of shared accountability goals, particularly in cases involving Ukraine, Myanmar, and Venezuela, are critical. Victims of atrocities in these regions could lose access to justice if the ICC’s functioning is undermined.
What Lies Ahead:
The ICC must navigate these turbulent waters with a dual approach: resisting undue influence while strategically broadening its scope. Cases involving non-US allies, such as Iran’s alleged support for Hamas, could demonstrate the court’s impartiality.
The coming years will determine whether the ICC emerges as a robust institution committed to global justice or succumbs to external pressures, becoming a diminished version of itself. With global stakes high, the actions of its leadership and member states will shape the future of international law and accountability.