South Korea’s political crisis intensified as prosecutors launched a criminal investigation into President Yoon Suk Yeol following last week’s controversial martial law declaration. Yoon’s former defense minister, Kim Yong-hyun, has also been arrested, further complicating the nation’s governance.
Impeachment Efforts and Political Turmoil
On Saturday, Yoon narrowly survived an impeachment vote in the opposition-controlled parliament. The vote followed his brief but unprecedented attempt to impose martial law on Tuesday. Although Yoon’s ruling People Power Party (PPP) supports his removal from active duties, opposition lawmakers accuse the government of attempting an unconstitutional power grab by delegating authority without a formal resignation or impeachment.
The crisis has sparked mass protests. Thousands gathered outside the National Assembly on Sunday, demanding Yoon’s impeachment and the dissolution of the PPP.
Martial Law Controversy
Yoon’s declaration of martial law last Tuesday granted the military sweeping powers to suppress what he described as “anti-state forces” and political obstructionists. The decree was rescinded within six hours after a unanimous parliamentary vote nullified the order. Despite this reversal, the decision has left South Korea’s democratic reputation in jeopardy.
Legal and Political Consequences
Prosecutors have formally named Yoon as a subject of investigation. Charges include allegations of insurrection, which could lead to severe penalties, including life imprisonment. The special investigative team arrested former Defense Minister Kim Yong-hyun on Sunday after seizing his mobile phone. Kim, believed to have proposed martial law to Yoon, is seen as a key figure in the debacle.
Three minority opposition parties have also filed complaints against Yoon, Kim, and martial law commander Park An-su, accusing them of orchestrating an insurrection. Opposition lawmakers claim Yoon mobilized military forces to prevent the parliamentary vote nullifying the decree.
Divisions Within the Ruling Party
Han Dong-hoon, leader of the PPP, announced on Sunday that Yoon would step down early and refrain from participating in foreign or state affairs. However, National Assembly Speaker Woo Won-shik denounced the move as unconstitutional and called for cross-party talks to suspend Yoon’s powers immediately.
Prime Minister Han Duck-soo assured allies, including the United States and Japan, that the government would maintain stability. Yet, the lack of clarity on who commands South Korea’s military—one of the largest globally—has fueled uncertainty.
Military and Public Reactions
Military leaders have distanced themselves from the martial law decree, with several stating they would refuse any similar orders in the future. Retired Lieutenant General Chun In-bum criticized the use of the military to resolve political disputes, calling it a betrayal of trust.
Public outrage continues to grow, with protests organized across the nation. Analysts warn that the political instability could embolden North Korea, which may exploit the divisions in Seoul.
A Fragile Democracy at Crossroads
South Korea’s leadership crisis highlights the fragility of its democratic institutions. As the nation grapples with the fallout from Yoon’s actions, political and military leaders face mounting pressure to restore stability and public trust.