On March 22, foreign ministers from China, Japan, and South Korea convened in Tokyo for their 11th trilateral meeting, aiming to strengthen cooperation amidst geopolitical complexities and domestic challenges. Despite hopes for a future leaders’ summit, no firm commitment was made, as Japan’s goal to host the summit in the first half of 2025 was described only as “at the earliest convenient time.”
Since its inception in 2007, the trilateral framework has faced hurdles, with leaders meeting only nine times in 19 years. The gathering marked the first visit by a Chinese foreign minister to Japan since 2020, signaling warming bilateral ties.
Key discussions revolved around trade and supply chain cooperation, with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi emphasizing the importance of building an “Asian frontier of scientific and technological innovation.” He expressed intent to revive negotiations on a trilateral free trade agreement and champion economic globalization.
Japanese Foreign Minister Takeshi Iwaya highlighted the collective influence of the three nations, accounting for 20% of the world’s population and 25% of the global economy. He underscored their responsibility to promote peace and prosperity globally.
However, domestic political turmoil in South Korea, coupled with challenges faced by Japan’s minority government, further complicated prospects for deeper collaboration. South Korea’s impeachment of President Yoon Suk Yeol and allegations of Chinese interference added tension to the discussions.
The ministers agreed on non-controversial topics, including climate change, digital transformation, ageing societies, and disaster relief. They also pledged to cooperate with Southeast Asia, aligning with the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP).
Despite ongoing efforts, unresolved historical issues and territorial disputes continue to hinder progress. Experts suggest that Japan faces a delicate balancing act in addressing WWII-era scars while avoiding excessive concessions that may spark domestic frustrations or diplomatic challenges.
As the ministers emphasized mutual understanding and forward-looking collaboration, the road ahead for trilateral cooperation remains uncertain, highlighting the fragile nature of regional diplomacy in East Asia.